Python OOP: From Basics to Applications

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and its Use in Python

This lesson introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) as a programming standard that organizes code by grouping related data and behaviour into objects. It explains why OOP is valuable in Python for building scalable, reusable, and maintainable software, and lays the foundation for understanding core OOP concepts.

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Classes, Objects, and Instances

Classes are like blueprints that define how something should be structured and what it can do. Objects are real examples created using those blueprints. Each object has its own unique data but shares the structure and behaviour defined by its class. Instances are just specific objects created from a class. Learning about classes, objects, and instances helps you organize your code to make it easier to build, understand, and reuse

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The self Parameter and Instance Attributes

This lesson covers the self parameter and instance attributes in Python classes. The self parameter is how Python keeps track of which object a method is working on, allowing each object to manage its own data independently. Instance attributes store information unique to each object. Together, they let objects hold and operate on their own data, making your programs organized and flexible

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Defining Methods: Instance, Class, and Static Methods

This lesson breaks down the three ways to define behaviors in a class: Instance Methods (for actions on specific objects), Class Methods (for actions related to the class blueprint itself), and Static Methods (for general utility tasks related to the class but independent of specific data).

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Public vs. Private Attributes and Getter/Setter Methods

This lesson covers how to control access to object data using getter and setter methods. It also introduces Public Attributes (accessible from anywhere) and Private Attributes (hidden inside the class). Getters and setters allow you to safely retrieve or modify these private attributes, often adding checks to ensure data is valid before changing it

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Encapsulation and Data Hiding

This lesson explains Encapsulation, a core concept in OOP that restricts direct access to an object's data. It focuses on data hiding to protect internal information from accidental changes or misuse. You'll learn how to "hide" data so it can only be accessed or modified through specific, controlled methods (like the ones from the previous lesson), keeping your code safe and modular.

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Inheritance: Extending Classes

Inheritance allows you to create a new class (child) based on an existing class (parent). The child class automatically gets all the attributes and methods of the parent class, so you don't have to rewrite code. You can then add new features or change existing ones in the child class. This promotes code reuse and logical organization (e.g., a "Car" is a type of "Vehicle")

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